tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-62714315595180953022023-11-15T08:15:14.561-08:00Peralatan MultimediaAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12826793829321559255noreply@blogger.comBlogger2125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271431559518095302.post-86478210921908223652012-11-06T06:33:00.004-08:002012-11-06T06:33:54.246-08:00<span class="CommentLarge"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"> Peralatan Multimedia dan Fungsinya</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="CommentLarge"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;">Dahulu, </span><span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">multimedia</span></span><span style="font-size: 100%;">
hanya menggunakan alat-alat berupa speaker dan layar komputer yang
terhubung langsung. Saat ini multimedia sudah menggunakan berbagai alat
dan media untuk menampilkan fungsi multimedianya. Contohnya adalah
handphone dan camera digital. Bahkan jika tidak punya kita bisa
memanfaatkan jasa </span><span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">sewa multimedia</span></span><span style="font-size: 100%;">.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
Pengertian Multimedia</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
Multimedia adalah penggunaan komputer untuk menyajikan dan
menggabungkan teks, suara, gambar, animasi dan video dengan alat bantu
(tool) dan koneksi (link) sehingga pengguna dapat bernavigasi,
berinteraksi, berkarya dan berkomunikasi. (wikipedia). Multimedia
sering digunakan dalam dunia hiburan. Selain dari dunia hiburan,
Multimedia juga diadopsi oleh dunia Game.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
Multimedia dimanfaatkan juga dalam dunia pendidikan dan bisnis. Di
dunia pendidikan, multimedia digunakan sebagai media pengajaran, baik
dalam kelas maupun secara sendiri-sendiri. Di dunia bisnis, </span><span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">multimedia</span></span><span style="font-size: 100%;">
digunakan sebagai media profil perusahaan, profil produk, bahkan
sebagai media kios informasi dan pelatihan dalam sistem e-learning.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
Beberapa alat multimedia</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
Alat multimedia saat ini tidak hanya menggunakan komputer saja. Alat
komunikasi seperti HP pun sudah menjadi sebuah perangkat multimedia yang
semakin canggih. Dengan menggunakan HP yang terbaru kita bisa
menggunakan fasilitas teleconference, menonton TV, mengakses internet
dan berbagai fasilitas wireless (koneksi tanpa kabel) lainnya. </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
Selain HP atau ponsel, Camera Digital saat ini juga sudah berfungsi
sebagai perangkat multimedia yang dapat menyajikan suara, teks, animasi
walaupun belum dapat mengakses internet.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
Perangkat-perangkat multimedia</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
Sebenarnya apa saja perangkat yang mendukung multimedia sebuah komputer? Sekarang juga telah banyak jasa </span><span style="color: windowtext;"><span style="font-size: 100%;">sewa multimedia</span></span><span style="font-size: 100%;">. Berikut adalah perangkat-perangkat yang dibutuhkan :</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
1. Perangkat lunak / aplikasi multimedia.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
Perangkat lunak ini digunakan untuk menjalankan fungsi multimedia pada
komputer. Contoh perangkat lunak untuk multimedia adalah Windows media
player yang dapat digunakan untuk menjalankan CD atau DVD pada komputer
kita.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
2. CD / DVD ROM</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;">Digunakan untuk memutar berbagai jenis CD, VCD dan DVD.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
3. Sound Card</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;">Sound
card (kartu suara) adalah perangkat yang terhubung pada papan induk
(motherboard) yang berfungsi sebagai alat untuk mengolah dan mnegontrol
suara, baik suara yang masuk (merekam) dan suara yang keluar melalu
speaker. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena pada sound card terdapat masukan
(Line in, Mic dan MIDI) serta keluaran (line out/speaker out).</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
4. Kartu grafis (Graphic Card / Display Adapter)</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;">Kartu
grafis merupakan perangkat yang terhubung langsung di papan induk
komputer yang berfungsi untuk mengolah citra (gambar) agar mempunyai
kualitas yang baik. Saat ini kartu grafis yang sering digunakan adalah
kartu grafis yang menggunakan teknologi AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port).</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
5. TV Tuner</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;">TV
Tuner merupakan perangkat yang memungkinkan komputer untuk menangkap
siaran televisi dan menampilkannya pada layar monitor. TV Tuner biasanya
berupa kartu (card) yang dipasang pada card expansi. Tapi ada juga TV
Tuner External yang dipasang di luar komputer, bahkan bisa langsung
dihubungkan ke monitor.</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;"><br />
6. Speaker</span></span><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;">Speaker (pengeras suara) merupakan perangkat output untuk menghasilkan suara. Contohnya headset.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span class="CommentLarge"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;">PERANGKAT LUNAK</span></span></span><br />
<b>Perangkat lunak</b> (<i>software) </i>adalah istilah umum untuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data" title="Data">data</a> yang diformat dan disimpan secara <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital" title="Digital">digital</a>, termasuk <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_komputer" title="Program komputer">program komputer</a>, dokumentasinya, dan berbagai informasi yang bisa dibaca dan ditulis oleh komputer. Dengan kata lain, bagian <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistem_komputer" title="Sistem komputer">sistem komputer</a> yang tidak berwujud.<br />
<br />
<span class="CommentLarge"><span style="font-family: 'Book Antiqua';"><span style="font-size: 100%;">PERANGKAT KERAS</span></span></span><br />
<b>Perangkat keras komputer</b> (<i>hardware</i>) adalah semua bagian fisik <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer" title="Komputer">komputer</a>, dan dibedakan dengan data yang berada di [dalamnya atau yang beroperasi di dalamnya, dan dibedakan dengan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perangkat_lunak" title="Perangkat lunak">perangkat lunak</a> (software) yang menyediakan instruksi untuk perangkat keras dalam menyelesaikan tugasnya.<br />
Batasan antara perangkat keras dan perangkat lunak akan sedikit buram kalau kita berbicara mengenai <i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a></i>, karena <i>firmware</i> ini adalah perangkat lunak yang "dibuat" ke dalam perangkat keras. Firmware ini merupakan wilayah dari bidang <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_komputer" title="Ilmu komputer">ilmu komputer</a> dan <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknik_komputer" title="Teknik komputer">teknik komputer</a>, yang jarang dikenal oleh pengguna umum.<br />
Komputer pada umumnya adalah <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_pribadi" title="Komputer pribadi">komputer pribadi</a>, (PC) dalam bentuk desktop atau menara kotak yang terdiri dari bagian berikut:<br />
<br />
<ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papan_induk" title="Papan induk">Papan sistem/papan induk</a> yang merupakan tempat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_Pemrosesan_Sentral" title="Unit Pemrosesan Sentral">CPU</a>, memori dan bagian lainnya, dan memiliki slot untuk kartu tambahan. <ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAM" title="RAM">RAM</a>
- tempat penyimpanan data jangka pendek, sehingga komputer tidak perlu
selalu mengakses hard disk untuk mencari data. Jumlah RAM yang lebih
besar akan membantu kecepatan PC</li>
<li>Buses: <ul>
<li>Bus <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_Component_Interconnect" title="Peripheral Component Interconnect">PCI</a></li>
<li>Bus <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_Standard_Architecture" title="Industry Standard Architecture">ISA</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_Graphics_Port" title="Accelerated Graphics Port">AGP</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>ROM (Read Only Memory) di mana firmware diletakkan</li>
<li>CPU (Central Processing Unit) sebagai otak dan bagian utama komputer</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_supply" title="Power supply">Power supply</a> - sebuah kotak yang merupakan tempat <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformer" title="Transformer">transformer</a>, kontrol voltase dan kipas</li>
<li>Pengontrol penyimpanan, dari jenis <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_Drive_Electronics" title="Integrated Drive Electronics">IDE</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI" title="SCSI">SCSI</a> atau lainnya, yang mengontrol <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk" title="Hard disk">hard disk</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a> dan drive lainnya; kontroler ini terletak di papan induk (atas-papan) atau di kartu tambahan</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartu_grafis" title="Kartu grafis">Pengontrol penampilan video</a> yang memproduksi output untuk <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komputer_display&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Komputer display (halaman belum tersedia)">komputer display</a></li>
<li>Pengontrol <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Komputer_bus&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Komputer bus (halaman belum tersedia)">komputer bus</a> (<a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_paralel" title="Port paralel">paralel</a>, <a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Port_serial&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Port serial (halaman belum tersedia)">serial</a>, <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Serial_Bus" title="Universal Serial Bus">USB</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firewire" title="Firewire">Firewire</a>) untuk menyambung komputer dengan alat tambahan luar lainnya seperti <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Printer_komputer" title="Printer komputer">printer</a> atau <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanner_gambar" title="Scanner gambar">scanner</a></li>
<li>Beberapa jenis <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyimpanan_komputer" title="Penyimpanan komputer">penyimpanan komputer</a>: <ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD" title="CD">CD</a> - tipe paling umum media yang dapat dilepas, murah tapi mudah rusak. <ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-ROM" title="CD-ROM">CD-ROM</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-RW" title="CD-RW">CD-RW</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD-R" title="CD-R">CD-R</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD" title="DVD">DVD</a> <ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-ROM" title="DVD-ROM">DVD-ROM</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/DVD-RW" title="DVD-RW">DVD-RW</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DVD-R&action=edit&redlink=1" title="DVD-R (halaman belum tersedia)">DVD-R</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk" title="Floppy disk">Floppy disk</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Penyimpanan dalam - menyimpan data dalam komputer untuk penggunaan jangka panjang. <ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hard_disk" title="Hard disk">Hard disk</a> - untuk penyimpanan data jangka panjang</li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disk_array_controller&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Disk array controller (halaman belum tersedia)">Disk array controller</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartu_suara" title="Kartu suara">Kartu suara</a> - menerjemahkan signal dari papan sistem ke bahasa yang dapat dimengerti oleh <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker" title="Speaker">speaker</a>, dan memiliki terminal untuk mencolok kabel suara speaker.</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer" title="Jaringan komputer">Jaringan komputer</a> - untuk menghubungkan komputer ke <a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> dan/atau komputer lainnya. <ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">Modem</a> - untuk koneksi tekan-tombol.</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartu_network" title="Kartu network">Kartu network</a> - untuk internet DSL/kabel, dan/atau menghubungkan ke komputer lain.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alat" title="Alat">Alat</a> lainnya.</li>
</ul>
Sebagai tambahan, perangkat keras dapat memasukan komponen luar
lainnya. Di bawah ini merupakan komponen standar atau yang umum
digunakan.<br />
<ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Input" title="Input">Input</a> <ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard" title="Keyboard">Keyboard</a></li>
<li><a class="new" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alat_penunjuk&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Alat penunjuk (halaman belum tersedia)">Alat penunjuk</a> <ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouse_komputer" title="Mouse komputer">Mouse</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trackball" title="Trackball">Trackball</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joystick" title="Joystick">Joystick</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamepad" title="Gamepad">Gamepad</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scanner_gambar" title="Scanner gambar">Scanner gambar</a></li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webcam" title="Webcam">Webcam</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_Grafis" title="Tablet Grafis">Tablet Grafis</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li>Output <ul>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_printer" title="Komputer printer">Printer</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker" title="Speaker">Speaker</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komputer_monitor" title="Komputer monitor">Monitor</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaringan_komputer" title="Jaringan komputer">Jaringan/Networking</a> <ul>
<li><a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modem" title="Modem">Modem</a></li>
<li><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartu_network" title="Kartu network">kartu network</a></li>
</ul>
Sources :<br />
http://joenloendaputri.blogspot.com/2010/12/peralatan-multimedia.html</li>
</ul>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12826793829321559255noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6271431559518095302.post-10674023586877902232012-11-06T06:21:00.001-08:002012-11-06T06:22:07.106-08:00<b>Multimedia</b> is <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_%28communication%29" title="Media (communication)">media</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_%28media_and_publishing%29" title="Content (media and publishing)">content</a> and content that uses a combination of different <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Content_format" title="Content format">content forms</a>.
This contrasts with media that use only rudimentary computer displays
such as text-only or traditional forms of printed or hand-produced
material. Multimedia includes a combination of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing" title="Writing">text</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sound" title="Sound">audio</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image" title="Image">still images</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footage" title="Footage">video</a>, or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactivity" title="Interactivity">interactivity</a> content forms.<br />
Multimedia is usually recorded and played, displayed, or accessed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information" title="Information">information content</a>
processing devices, such as computerized and electronic devices, but
can also be part of a live performance. Multimedia devices are <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_media" title="Electronic media">electronic media</a> devices used to store and experience multimedia content. Multimedia is distinguished from <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_media" title="Mixed media">mixed media</a> in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_art" title="Fine art">fine art</a>; by including audio, for example, it has a broader scope. The term "rich media" is synonymous for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive_media" title="Interactive media">interactive multimedia</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia">Hypermedia</a> can be considered one particular multimedia application.<br />
<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Categorization_of_multimedia">Categorization of multimedia</span></h2>
Multimedia may be broadly divided into <b>linear</b> and <b>non-linear</b> categories. Linear active content progresses often without any navigational control for the viewer such as a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movie_theater" title="Movie theater">cinema presentation</a>. Non-linear uses <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactivity" title="Interactivity">interactivity</a> to control progress as with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video game</a> or self-paced <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_based_training" title="Computer based training">computer based training</a>. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermedia" title="Hypermedia">Hypermedia</a> is an example of non-linear content.<br />
Multimedia <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presentation" title="Presentation">presentations</a> can be <b>live</b> or <b>recorded</b>. A recorded presentation may allow interactivity via a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_navigation" title="Spatial navigation">navigation system</a>. A live multimedia presentation may allow interactivity via an interaction with the presenter or performer.<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Major_characteristics_of_multimedia">Major characteristics of multimedia</span></h2>
<b>Multimedia presentations</b> may be viewed by person on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stage_%28theatre%29" title="Stage (theatre)">stage</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_projector" title="Image projector">projected</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitted" title="Transmitted">transmitted</a>, or played locally with a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_player_%28application_software%29" title="Media player (application software)">media player</a>. A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting" title="Broadcasting">broadcast</a> may be a live or recorded multimedia presentation. Broadcasts and recordings can be either <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analogue_electronics" title="Analogue electronics">analog</a> or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_circuit" title="Digital circuit">digital</a> electronic media technology. Digital <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online" title="Online">online</a> multimedia may be downloaded or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">streamed</a>. Streaming multimedia may be live or on-demand.<br />
<b>Multimedia games and simulations</b> may be used in a physical environment with special effects, with multiple users in an online <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_networking" title="Computer networking">network</a>, or locally with an offline computer, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game_console" title="Game console">game system</a>, or <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulator" title="Simulator">simulator</a>.<br />
The various formats of technological or digital multimedia may be
intended to enhance the users' experience, for example to make it easier
and faster to convey information. Or in entertainment or art, to
transcend everyday experience.<br />
<div class="thumb tright">
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A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laser_lighting_display" title="Laser lighting display">lasershow</a> is a live multimedia performance.</div>
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Enhanced levels of interactivity are made possible by combining multiple forms of media content. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Online" title="Online">Online</a> multimedia is increasingly becoming object-oriented and data-driven, enabling applications with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_software" title="Collaborative software">collaborative</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User_innovation" title="User innovation">end-user innovation</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personalized" title="Personalized">personalization</a>
on multiple forms of content over time. Examples of these range from
multiple forms of content on Web sites like photo galleries with both
images (pictures) and title (text) user-updated, to simulations whose
co-efficients, events, illustrations, animations or videos are
modifiable, allowing the multimedia "experience" to be altered without
reprogramming. In addition to seeing and hearing, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haptic_technology" title="Haptic technology">Haptic technology</a> enables virtual objects to be felt. Emerging technology involving illusions of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">taste</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odor" title="Odor">smell</a> may also enhance the multimedia experience.<br />
<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Terminology">Terminology</span></h2>
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="History_of_the_term">History of the term</span></h3>
The term <i>multimedia</i> was coined by singer and artist Bob Goldstein (later '<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobb_Goldsteinn" title="Bobb Goldsteinn">Bobb Goldsteinn</a>') to promote the July 1966 opening of his "LightWorks at L'Oursin" show at <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>,
Long Island. Goldstein was perhaps aware of a British artist named Dick
Higgins, who had two years previously discussed a new approach to
art-making he called "intermedia."<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-0"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_note-0">[1]</a></sup><br />
On August 10, 1966, Richard Albarino of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variety_%28magazine%29" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a> borrowed the terminology, reporting: “Brainchild of songscribe-comic Bob (‘<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Square_%28song%29" title="Washington Square (song)">Washington Square</a>’) Goldstein, the ‘Lightworks’ is the latest <i>multi-media</i> music-cum-visuals to debut as discothèque fare.”<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-1"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_note-1">[2]</a></sup>
Two years later, in 1968, the term "multimedia" was re-appropriated to
describe the work of a political consultant, David Sawyer, the husband
of Iris Sawyer—one of Goldstein’s producers at L’Oursin.<br />
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Multimedia (multi-image) setup for the 1988 Ford New Car Announcement Show, August 1987, Detroit, MI</div>
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In the intervening forty years, the word has taken on different
meanings. In the late 1970s, the term referred to presentations
consisting of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-Image" title="Multi-Image">multi-projector slide shows</a> timed to an audio track.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-2"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_note-2">[3]</a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-3"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_note-3">[4]</a></sup> However, by the 1990s 'multimedia' took on its current meaning.<br />
In the 1993 first edition of McGraw-Hill’s <i>Multimedia: Making It Work</i>,
Tay Vaughan declared “Multimedia is any combination of text, graphic
art, sound, animation, and video that is delivered by computer. When you
allow the user – the viewer of the project – to control what and when
these elements are delivered, it is <i>interactive multimedia</i>. When you provide a structure of linked elements through which the user can navigate, interactive multimedia becomes <i>hypermedia</i>.” <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-4"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_note-4">[5]</a></sup><br />
The German language society, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gesellschaft_f%C3%BCr_deutsche_Sprache" title="Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache">Gesellschaft für deutsche Sprache</a>,
decided to recognize the word's significance and ubiquitousness in the
1990s by awarding it the title of 'Word of the Year' in 1995. The
institute summed up its rationale by stating "[Multimedia] has become a
central word in the wonderful new media world"<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_note-5">[6]</a></sup><br />
In common usage, <i>multimedia</i> refers to an electronically
delivered combination of media including video, still images, audio,
text in such a way that can be accessed interactively. Much of the
content on the web today falls within this definition as understood by
millions. Some computers which were marketed in the 1990s were called
"multimedia" computers because they incorporated a CD-ROM drive, which
allowed for the delivery of several hundred megabytes of video, picture,
and audio data. That era saw also a boost in the production of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_software" title="Education software">educational</a> <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Multimedia_application_CD-ROM&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Multimedia application CD-ROM (page does not exist)">multimedia application CD-ROMs</a>.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Word_usage_and_context">Word usage and context</span></h3>
Since media is the plural of medium, the term "multimedia" is used to
describe multiple occurrences of only one form of media such as a
collection of <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD" title="CD">audio CDs</a>. This is why it's important that the word "multimedia" is used exclusively to describe <b>multiple forms</b> of media and content.<br />
The term "multimedia" is also ambiguous. Static content (such as a
paper book) may be considered multimedia if it contains both pictures
and text or may be considered interactive if the user interacts by
turning pages at will. Books may also be considered non-linear if the
pages are accessed non-sequentially. The term "video", if not used
exclusively to describe motion photography, is ambiguous in multimedia
terminology. <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video" title="Video">Video</a></i> is often used to describe the file format, delivery format, or presentation format instead of <i>"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footage" title="Footage">footage</a>"</i> which is used to distinguish motion photography from <i>"<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a>"</i> of <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artistic_rendering" title="Artistic rendering">rendered</a>
motion imagery. Multiple forms of information content are often not
considered modern forms of presentation such as audio or video.
Likewise, single forms of information content with single methods of
information processing (e.g. non-interactive audio) are often called
multimedia, perhaps to distinguish <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/static" title="wiktionary:static">static</a> media from <a class="extiw" href="http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/active" title="wiktionary:active">active</a> media. In the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fine_arts" title="Fine arts">Fine arts</a>, for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leda_Luss_Luyken" title="Leda Luss Luyken">Leda Luss Luyken</a>'s <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ModulArt" title="ModulArt">ModulArt</a>
brings two key elements of musical composition and film into the world
of painting: variation of a theme and movement of and within a picture,
making <i>ModulArt</i> an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactive" title="Interactive">interactive</a> multimedia form of art. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing_arts" title="Performing arts">Performing arts</a> may also be considered multimedia considering that performers and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatrical_property" title="Theatrical property">props</a> are multiple forms of both content and media.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Usage_.2F_Application...">Usage / Application...</span></h3>
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A presentation using <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_PowerPoint" title="Microsoft PowerPoint">Powerpoint</a>. Corporate presentations may combine all forms of media content.</div>
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<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_reality" title="Virtual reality">Virtual reality</a> uses multimedia content. Applications and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform_%28computing%29" title="Platform (computing)">delivery platforms</a> of multimedia are virtually limitless.</div>
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VVO Multimedia-Terminal in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden" title="Dresden">Dresden</a> WTC (Germany)</div>
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Multimedia finds its application in various areas including, but not limited to, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertisements</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education" title="Education">education</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entertainment" title="Entertainment">entertainment</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business" title="Business">business</a>, <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_research" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_thinking" title="Visual thinking">spatial temporal applications</a>. Several examples are as follows:<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Creative_industries">Creative industries</span></h3>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_industries" title="Creative industries">Creative industries</a> use multimedia for a variety of purposes ranging from fine arts, to entertainment, to commercial art, to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalism</a>,
to media and software services provided for any of the industries
listed below. An individual multimedia designer may cover the spectrum
throughout their career. Request for their skills range from technical,
to analytical, to creative.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Commercial_uses">Commercial uses</span></h4>
Much of the electronic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_media" title="Old media">old</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_media" title="New media">new media</a> used by commercial artists is multimedia. Exciting presentations are used to grab and keep attention in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advertising" title="Advertising">advertising</a>. Business to business, and interoffice communications are often developed by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_services" title="Creative services">creative services</a>
firms for advanced multimedia presentations beyond simple slide shows
to sell ideas or liven-up training. Commercial multimedia developers may
be hired to design for <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governmental_services" title="Governmental services">governmental services</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonprofit" title="Nonprofit">nonprofit services</a> applications as well.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Entertainment_and_fine_arts">Entertainment and fine arts</span></h4>
In addition, multimedia is heavily used in the entertainment industry, especially to develop <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_effects" title="Special effects">special effects</a>
in movies and animations. Multimedia games are a popular pastime and
are software programs available either as CD-ROMs or online. Some <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a>
also use multimedia features. Multimedia applications that allow users
to actively participate instead of just sitting by as passive recipients
of information are called <i>Interactive Multimedia</i>. In the <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arts" title="Arts">Arts</a> there are <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_art" title="Multimedia art">multimedia artists</a>,
whose minds are able to blend techniques using different media that in
some way incorporates interaction with the viewer. One of the most
relevant could be <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Greenaway" title="Peter Greenaway">Peter Greenaway</a> who is melding <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film" title="Film">Cinema</a> with <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">Opera</a>
and all sorts of digital media. Another approach entails the creation
of multimedia that can be displayed in a traditional fine arts arena,
such as an <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_gallery" title="Art gallery">art gallery</a>.
Although multimedia display material may be volatile, the survivability
of the content is as strong as any traditional media. Digital recording
material may be just as durable and infinitely reproducible with
perfect copies every time.<br />
Education<br />
In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education" title="Education">Education</a>, multimedia is used to produce <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-based_training" title="Computer-based training">computer-based training</a>
courses (popularly called CBTs) and reference books like encyclopedia
and almanacs. A CBT lets the user go through a series of presentations,
text about a particular topic, and associated illustrations in various
information formats. <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edutainment" title="Edutainment">Edutainment</a> is the combination of education with entertainment, especially multimedia entertainment.<br />
Learning theory in the past decade has expanded dramatically because
of the introduction of multimedia. Several lines of research have
evolved (e.g. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_load" title="Cognitive load">Cognitive load</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia_learning" title="Multimedia learning">Multimedia learning</a>, and the list goes on). The possibilities for learning and instruction are nearly endless.<br />
The idea of media convergence is also becoming a major factor in
education, particularly higher education. Defined as separate
technologies such as voice (and telephony features), data (and
productivity applications) and video that now share resources and
interact with each other, synergistically creating new efficiencies,
media convergence is rapidly changing the curriculum in universities all
over the world. Likewise, it is changing the availability, or lack
thereof, of jobs requiring this savvy technological skill.<br />
The English education in middle school in China is well invested and
assisted with various equipments. In contrast, the original objective
has not been achieved at the desired effect. The government, schools,
families, and students spend a lot of time working on improving scores,
but hardly gain practical skills. English education today has gone into
the vicious circle. Educators need to consider how to perfect the
education system to improve students’ practical ability of English.
Therefore an efficient way should be used to make the class vivid.
Multimedia teaching will bring students into a class where they can
interact with the teacher and the subject. Multimedia teaching is more
intuitive than old ways; teachers can simulate situations in real life.
In many circumstances teachers don’t have to be there, students will
learn by themselves in the class. More importantly, teachers will have
more approaches to stimulating students’ passion of learning<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Journalism">Journalism</span></h4>
Newspaper companies all over are also trying to embrace the new
phenomenon by implementing its practices in their work. While some have
been slow to come around, other major newspapers like <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i> and <i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i> are setting the precedent for the positioning of the newspaper industry in a globalized world.<br />
News reporting is not limited to traditional media outlets. Freelance
journalists can make use of different new media to produce multimedia
pieces for their news stories. It engages global audiences and tells
stories with technology, which develops new communication techniques for
both media producers and consumers. <a class="new" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Common_Language_Project&action=edit&redlink=1" title="Common Language Project (page does not exist)">Common Language Project</a> is an example of this type of multimedia journalism production.<br />
Multimedia reporters who are mobile (usually driving around a
community with cameras, audio and video recorders, and wifi-equipped
laptop computers) are often referred to as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojo_%28mobile_journalist%29" title="Mojo (mobile journalist)">Mojos</a>, from <i>mo</i>bile <i>jo</i>urnalist.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Engineering">Engineering</span></h4>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_engineer" title="Software engineer">Software engineers</a> may use multimedia in <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulations#Computer_simulators" title="Simulations">Computer Simulations</a> for anything from entertainment to <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Training" title="Training">training</a> such as military or industrial training. Multimedia for <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphical_user_interface" title="Graphical user interface">software interfaces</a> are often done as a collaboration between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_professional" title="Creative professional">creative professionals</a> and software engineers.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Industry">Industry</span></h4>
In the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry" title="Industry">Industrial sector</a>,
multimedia is used as a way to help present information to
shareholders, superiors and coworkers. Multimedia is also helpful for
providing employee training, advertising and selling products all over
the world via virtually unlimited web-based technology<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Mathematical_and_scientific_research">Mathematical and scientific research</span></h4>
In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematical</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_research" title="Scientific research">scientific research</a>, multimedia is mainly used for modeling and simulation. For example, a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientist</a> can look at a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_modelling" title="Molecular modelling">molecular model</a>
of a particular substance and manipulate it to arrive at a new
substance. Representative research can be found in journals such as the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Multimedia" title="Journal of Multimedia">Journal of Multimedia</a>.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Medicine">Medicine</span></h4>
In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">Medicine</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">doctors</a> can get trained by looking at a virtual <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery" title="Surgery">surgery</a> or they can simulate how the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_body" title="Human body">human body</a> is affected by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">diseases</a> spread by <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a> and <a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterium" title="Bacterium">bacteria</a> and then develop techniques to prevent it.<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Document_imaging">Document imaging</span></h4>
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_imaging" title="Document imaging">Document imaging</a> is a technique that takes hard copy of an image/document and converts it into a digital format (for example, scanners).<br />
<h4>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Disabilities">Disabilities</span></h4>
Ability Media allows those with disabilities to gain qualifications
in the multimedia field so they can pursue careers that give them access
to a wide array of powerful communication forms.<br />
<h3>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</span></h3>
In Europe, the reference organisation for Multimedia industry is the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Multimedia_Associations_Convention" title="European Multimedia Associations Convention">European Multimedia Associations Convention</a> (EMMAC).<br />
<h2>
<span class="mw-headline" id="Structuring_information_in_a_multimedia_form">Structuring information in a multimedia form</span></h2>
Multimedia represents the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_convergence" title="Technological convergence">convergence</a>
of text, pictures, video and sound into a single form. The power of
multimedia and the Internet lies in the way in which information is
linked.<br />
Multimedia and the Internet require a completely new approach to
writing. The style of writing that is appropriate for the 'on-line
world' is highly optimized and designed to be able to be quickly scanned
by readers.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-6"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_note-6">[7]</a></sup><br />
A good site must be made with a specific purpose in mind and a site
with good interactivity and new technology can also be useful for
attracting visitors. The site must be attractive and innovative in its
design, function in terms of its purpose, easy to navigate, frequently
updated and fast to download.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-7"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_note-7">[8]</a></sup><br />
When users view a page, they can only view one page at a time. As a
result, multimedia users must create a ‘mental model of information
structure’.<br />
<u>Sources: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia</u><br />
<br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"></sup><br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"></sup><br />
<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-8"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multimedia#cite_note-8"></a></sup>Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/12826793829321559255noreply@blogger.com1